Global Building Emissions (GLOBE)
Database

GLOBE: a multi-regional dataset aims to monitor energy trends, emissions transition, and building stock on a global scale.

https://globe.lbl.gov/
https://globe2060.org/

GLOBE was initially proposed by Dr. Minda Ma in 2021, and now it is a project led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL, operated by UC Berkeley for U.S. DOE) and Chongqing University.

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About GLOBE

We are pleased to announce the release of a public version of our dataset, which is accessible at http://globe2060.org/. Our dataset is established based on the IEA database, which has clear distinctions between the end uses relevant to residential and commercial energy activities in its energy balance sheet.

To ensure the reliability of our database, we used the IEA dataset as the primary reference to compile comprehensive and trustworthy data tables for each carbon-emitting country. For major emitters such as China, the United States, and India, we accounted for and calibrated the building energy consumption data and the corresponding carbon emissions data based on the baseline dataset. For other carbon-emitting countries, we collected, cleaned, and validated survey reports and statistical results from regional governments and research institutions, which were then integrated with the baseline dataset to build a unified and standardized database.

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Publications

In 2023-2024, some of GLOBE's noteworthy applications have been featured in international journals like Nexus (Cell Press Partner Journal), Cell Reports Sustainability, Advances in Applied Energy, Applied Energy, and Sustainable Cities and Society.

[1] Ma M, Zhou N *, Feng W, Yan J. Challenges and Opportunities in the Global Net-Zero Building Sector. Cell Reports Sustainability 2024. Forthcoming.

[2] Zhang S, Ma M*, Zhou N*, Yan J, Feng W, Yan R, et al. Estimation of Global Building Stocks by 2070: Unlocking Renovation Potential. Nexus 2024; 1(3):100019.

[3] Yuan H, Ma M*, Zhou N, Xie H, Ma Z, Xiang X, Ma X. Battery electric vehicle charging in China: Energy demand and emissions trends in the 2020s. Applied Energy 2024;365:123153.

[4] Xiang X, Zhou N, Ma M*, Feng W*, Yan R. Global transition of operational carbon in residential buildings since the millennium. Advances in Applied Energy 2023;11:100145.

[5] Yan R, Ma M*, Zhou N, Feng W, Xiang X, Mao C. Towards COP27: Decarbonization patterns of residential building in China and India. Applied Energy 2023;352:122003.

[6] Yan R, Chen M, Xiang X, Feng W, Ma M*. Heterogeneity or illusion? Track the carbon Kuznets curve of global residential building operations. Applied Energy 2023;347:121441.

[7] Zhang S, Zhou N, Feng W, Ma M*, Xiang X, You K. Pathway for decarbonizing residential building operations in the US and China beyond the mid-century. Applied Energy 2023;342:121164.

[8] Chen L, Ma M*, Xiang X. Decarbonizing or illusion? How carbon emissions of commercial building operations change worldwide. Sustainable Cities and Society 2023;96:104654.

[9] Xiang X, Ma M*, Ma X, Chen L, Cai W, Feng W, et al. Historical decarbonization of global commercial building operations in the 21st century. Applied Energy 2022;322:119401.

[10] Zhang S, Ma M*, Xiang X, Cai W, Feng W, Ma Z. Potential to decarbonize the commercial building operation of the top two emitters by 2060. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2022;185:106481.

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publication-1
Challenges and Opportunities in the Global Net-Zero Building Sector.
Source: comming soon...

Carbon emissions of residential building operations

Energy & Emissions

Carbon emissions of residential building operations

Energy consumption of residential building operations

Energy & Emissions

Energy consumption of residential building operations

Socio-economic indicators of residential buildings

Energy & Emissions

Socio-economic indicators of residential buildings

Building stock

We tackle a critical aspect of global carbon emissions: the profound impact of the building sector. Buildings, responsible for 37% of global carbon emissions in 2022, emerge as a pivotal target for achieving net-zero carbon goals. Addressing the dearth of global building floorspace data hindering carbon intensity assessments, we introduce GLOBUS, a global building stock model. This innovative model provides a comprehensive dataset on building stock turnover under various renovation scenarios, enabling comparative analyses crucial for advancing building sector decarbonization strategies. Highlighting the potential of building renovation to mitigate stock expansion, the study emphasizes pathways toward enhancing the carbon neutrality of global building stocks. By integrating these insights, policymakers and researchers gain a robust framework to guide effective building decarbonization policies and practices, essential for a sustainable future.
For more details, please refer to https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynexs.2024.100019.

Building CO2: Annual, Energy-Related

Floorspace

We tackle a critical aspect of global carbon emissions: the profound impact of the building sector. Buildings, responsible for 37% of global carbon emissions in 2022, emerge as a pivotal target for achieving net-zero carbon goals. Addressing the dearth of global building floorspace data hindering carbon intensity assessments, we introduce GLOBUS, a global building stock model. This innovative model provides a comprehensive dataset on building stock turnover under various renovation scenarios, enabling comparative analyses crucial for advancing building sector decarbonization strategies. Highlighting the potential of building renovation to mitigate stock expansion, the study emphasizes pathways toward enhancing the carbon neutrality of global building stocks. By integrating these insights, policymakers and researchers gain a robust framework to guide effective building decarbonization policies and practices, essential for a sustainable future.
For more details, please refer to https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynexs.2024.100019.

Low Decarbonization Benchmark

GLOBUS

In 2024, we create a global building stock model (GLOBUS) incorporating turnover and renovations. GLOBUS’s primary contribution lies in providing a dataset of global building stock turnover using scenarios that incorporate various levels of building renovation.
By unifying the evaluation indicators, the dataset empowers building science researchers to perform comparative analyses based on floorspace.
For more details, please refer to https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynexs.2024.100019.

National Power System Cost Savings by End Use

GLOBEVISA

Global Battery Electric Vehicle Integrated System Assessment (GLOBEVISA) is an upcoming software program for monitoring energy demand, decarbonization process, and stock trends of EV/charging plugs/charging stations worldwide.

Forthcoming......

PyLMDI

A timely analysis for carbon emission reduction in buildings is an effective global response to the crisis of climate change. The logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) decomposition analysis approach has been extensively used to assess the carbon emission reduction potential of the buildings sector. In order to simplify the calculation process and to expand its application scope, a new open-source Python tool (PyLMDI) developed in this article is used to compute the results of LMDI decomposition analysis, including multiplicative and additive decomposition. Users can quickly obtain the decomposition result by initializing the input data through a simple class data structure. In addition, the carbon emissions from commercial buildings are used as a numerical example to demonstrate the function of PyLMDI. In summary, PyLMDI is a potential calculation tool for index decomposition analysis that can provide calculation guidance for carbon emission reduction in the buildings sector. The data and codes for the numerical example are also included.

Low Decarbonization Scenarios; Moderate Decarbonization Scenarios; Aggresive Decarbonization Scenarios

ArchTracking

ArchTracking is an upcoming software program for tracking the nation-regional energy and emission impacts of building decarbonization measures.

Forthcoming......

Co-Founders

minda-ma
Prof. Minda Ma
Chongqing University &
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab
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Dr. Nan Zhou
Senior Scientist
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab

ADMIN & TECH SUPPORT

Andrew Satchwell: Research Scientist
Ms. Yanqiao Deng
Chongqing University
Andrew Satchwell: Research Scientist
Dr. Xin Ma
Associate Professor
Southwest University of Science and Technology

Lead contact for data availability

Dr. Minda Ma (maminda@lbl.gov)